Endometriosis  (子宫内膜异位症)

子宫内膜异位症是一种慢性疾病，其特征是子宫腔外出现类似子宫内膜的组织，常累及卵巢、输卵管、腹膜和其他盆腔器官，导致炎症、疼痛、粘连和不孕。该病主要影响育龄女性，在普通人群中的患病率为10%至20%，在不孕女性中的患病率高达30%至40%。主要症状包括严重痛经、慢性盆腔疼痛、月经过多和生育困难，部分患者还可能出现肠道或泌尿系统症状。确切病因尚不清楚，但激素、免疫和遗传因素被认为可能起一定作用。诊断通常需要腹腔镜检查并进行组织学确诊。虽然目前尚无治愈方法，但激素疗法、止痛和手术干预等治疗策略可以帮助缓解症状并改善生活质量。

Endometriosis is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, commonly affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, and other pelvic organs, leading to inflammation, pain, adhesions, and infertility. It primarily impacts women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 10% to 20% in the general population and up to 30% to 40% among infertile women. Key symptoms include severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and difficulties with fertility, while some individuals may also experience bowel or urinary symptoms. The exact cause remains unknown, though hormonal, immunological, and genetic factors are believed to play a role. Diagnosis typically requires laparoscopy with histological confirmation. Although there is no cure, management strategies—such as hormonal therapy, pain relief, and surgical intervention—can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

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