Heart Failure  (心力衰竭)

心力衰竭是一种慢性疾病，心脏无法有效地泵血以满足身体需求，从而导致疲劳、呼吸急促和体液潴留等症状。其潜在病因多种多样，包括冠状动脉疾病、高血压、心肌病和心脏瓣膜疾病。根据左心室射血分数，心力衰竭可分为射血分数降低型心力衰竭 (HFrEF) 和射血分数保留型心力衰竭 (HFpEF)。治疗包括改变生活方式、使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂和利尿剂等药物治疗，在某些情况下，还需要植入心脏装置或进行心脏移植。早期诊断和综合治疗对于改善预后和生活质量至关重要。

Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. It can result from various underlying causes including coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease. Heart failure is classified based on left ventricular ejection fraction into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Management involves lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics, and in some cases, device implantation or cardiac transplantation. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial to improving outcomes and quality of life.

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