Visual System Disease  (视觉系统疾病)

视觉系统疾病涵盖多种影响眼睛、视觉通路和与视觉相关的大脑区域的疾病。常见疾病包括屈光不正，例如近视、远视和散光，以及白内障、青光眼和老年性黄斑变性 (AMD)。糖尿病眼病和弱视也很常见。这些疾病可能由感染性病原体、糖尿病和高血压等全身性疾病、眼外伤或与神经系统疾病（例如阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症和视神经炎）相关的神经眼科疾病引起。

Diseases of the visual system encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the eyes, visual pathways, and brain regions involved in vision. Common disorders include refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, as well as cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Diabetic eye disease and amblyopia (lazy eye) are also prevalent. These conditions may arise from infectious agents, systemic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, ocular trauma, or neuro-ophthalmic disorders linked to neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and optic neuritis.

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