2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis Immunology/Inflammation Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  3. Mitochondrial Metabolism Cytochrome P450 TNF Receptor Interleukin Related HSP LDLR Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) ClpP
  4. TBPH

TBPH 是一种溴化阻燃剂。TBPH 在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 小鼠中增强了肝脏脂肪变性、炎症和纤维化。TBPH 诱导磷脂代谢失调，降低心磷脂 (CL) 和磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS) 水平。TBPH 导致内质网-线粒体 (ER-Mito) 接触受损，随后导致线粒体功能障碍。TBPH 通过线粒体衍生的 ds-DNA 介导的炎症反应诱导肺损伤。TBPH 可用于研究 MFN2 介导的内质网-线粒体接触在脂质代谢稳态中的作用。

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TBPH

TBPH Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 26040-51-7

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Other Forms of TBPH:

TBPH 相关抗体

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

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HSP40 HSP70 HSP90 HSP105 HSF1 HSP HSPA5

  • 生物活性

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

TBPH is a brominated flame retardant. TBPH enhances hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). TBPH induces dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism, reducing cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylserine (PS) levels. TBPH leads to impaired endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria (ER-Mito) contacts, subsequently causing mitochondrial dysfunction. TBPH induces lung injury through an inflammatory response mediated by mitochondria-derived ds-DNA. TBPH can be used to study the role of MFN2-mediated ER-mitochondria contacts in lipid metabolism homeostasis[1][2].

体外研究
(In Vitro)

TBPH (5-50 μM，48 小时) 通过破坏 NASH LO 模型中 MFN2 调节的 ER-Mito 接触来促进 NASH 进展[1]。
TBPH (0-20 μg/mL，48 小时) 在 TC-1 和 BEAS-2B 细胞中降低细胞增殖能力，引起氧化应激，增加肺组织纤维化，导致肺线粒体释放 ds-DNA，从而激活 c-GAS-STING[2]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

TBPH 相关抗体:

RT-PCR[1]

Cell Line: NASH LOs model
Concentration: 5 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 48 h
Result: Upregulated the transcriptional levels of oxidative stress-related genes (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), fibrosis-related genes (COL3A1, COL4A1, LOXL2, TIMP1, VIM), and inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-8).

Immunofluorescence[1]

Cell Line: NASH LOs model
Concentration: 5 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 48 h
Result: Decreased colocalization of mitochondria (HSP60) and ER (GRP78), indicating reduced ER-Mito contacts.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: NASH LOs model
Concentration: 5 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time: 48 h
Result: Decreased MFN2 level, increased UPRmt markers (HSP60, SOD2) and ER stress markers (GRP78, ATF6).

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: TC-1 and BEAS-2B cells
Concentration: 0 μg/mL, 0.2 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 48 h
Result: Inhibited the expression of CyclinD1 and promoted the phosphorylation of Rb, increased the expression levels of CDK2/4 and P53.
Increased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, p-IκB and p-P65.
Up-regulated the expression of FN and α-SMA, Down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin.
体内研究
(In Vivo)

TBPH (20-200 mg/kg，灌胃，每日一次，4 周) 在蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏 (MCD) 饮食诱导的 NASH 小鼠模型中可增强肝脏脂质蓄积和代谢功能障碍，加速肝脏炎症反应和纤维化进展，破坏肝脏磷脂稳态和肝细胞内质网-线粒体接触，诱导肝脏线粒体功能障碍和内质网应激[1]。
TBPH (20-200 mg/kg，灌胃，每日一次，4 周) 在正常饮食 (ND) 小鼠模型中不会改变肝脏形态，也不会改变肝体指数，但会损害肝细胞内质网-线粒体接触，诱导的线粒体功能障碍和内质网应激[1]。
TBPH (0-100 μg/mL，灌胃，每天一次，4 周) 对 C57 小鼠的肺细胞造成氧化损伤，并引发肺细胞和组织的炎症反应[2]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: MCD diet-induced NASH mouse (Male C57BL/6, 8-9 weeks old, 22-25 g) model[1]
Dosage: 20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg
Administration: i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
Result: Exacerbated hepatic pathology, increased the hepatosomatic index, enhanced lipid accumulation, decreased serum HDL and CHO levels, alongside elevated hepatic TG and serum LDL levels.
Augmented hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced fibrotic deposition, increased steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis and NASH scores, elevated serum levels of AST and ALT.
Reduced the abundance of cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), while increasing phosphatidic acid (PA) levels.
Disrupted lipid metabolism associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, altered the negative intrinsic curvature of membranes.
Reduced colocalization of ER and mitochondria in liver tissues, increased the physical distance between ER and mitochondria and reduced contact sites.
Caused a marked reduction in mitochondrial cristae, disrupted cristae junctions (CJs), and disorganization of cristae membranes in hepatocytes, reduced overall oxygen consumption and ATP content.
Increased HSP60, SOD2, mitochondrial proteases (LONP1, ClpP), GRP78, Atf6, eIF2α, and Chop levels, decreased the MFN2 protein level.
Animal Model: ND mice (Male C57BL/6, 8-9 weeks old, 22-25 g) model[1]
Dosage: 20 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg
Administration: i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
Result: Did not significantly alter liver morphology, did not change the hepatosomatic index.
Affected C14:0 metabolism, fatty acids with 13-15 carbon chains, and mitochondrial metabolic processes, altered the negative intrinsic curvature of membranes.
Reduced colocalization of ER and mitochondria in liver tissues, increased the physical distance between ER and mitochondria and reduced contact sites.
Elevated the protein levels of mitochondrial chaperone HSP60, SOD2, GRP78, Atf6, eIF2α, and Chop, decreased the MFN2 protein level.
Animal Model: C57 mice model[2]
Dosage: 0 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL L, 60 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL
Administration: i.g., once a day, 4 weeks
Result: Induced capillary congestion in the alveolar wall and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.
Increased the expression levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-2, RANTES, p16, p21, P65, and p-IκB proteins, and decreased the expression level of cell proliferation marker (Ki67).
Up-regulated the expression of FN, α-SMA, and TGF-β, down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin, and increases the content of collagen fibers in the lungs.
Increased ROS and MDA levels, and decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT expression levels.
分子量

706.14

Formula

C24H34Br4O4
CAS 号
性状

液体（密度：1.529±0.06 g/cm3）

颜色

Light yellow to yellow

运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
溶解性数据
细胞实验： 

DMSO 中的溶解度 : ≥ 175 mg/mL (247.83 mM; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响，请使用新开封的 DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.4161 mL 7.0807 mL 14.1615 mL
5 mM 0.2832 mL 1.4161 mL 2.8323 mL
查看完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year。-80°C储存时，请在2年内使用，-20°C储存时，请在1年内使用。

  • 摩尔计算器

  • 稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

质量
=
浓度
×
体积
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

浓度 (start)

C1

×
体积 (start)

V1

=
浓度 (final)

C2

×
体积 (final)

V2

动物实验：

请根据您的 实验动物和给药方式 选择适当的溶解方案。

以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：
——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用；
以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

  • 方案 一

    请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (7.08 mM); 澄清溶液

    此方案可获得 ≥ 5 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。

    以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 50.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

动物溶解方案计算器
请输入动物实验的基本信息：

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

g

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

只
由于实验过程有损耗，建议您多配一只动物的量
请输入您的动物体内配方组成：
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
如果您的动物是免疫缺陷鼠或者体弱鼠，建议 DMSO 中的在最后工作液体系中的占比尽量不超过 2%。
方案所需 助溶剂 包括：DMSO， ，均可在 MCE 网站选购。 ，Tween 80，均可在 MCE 网站选购。
计算结果
工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL
储备液配制方法 : mg 药物溶于 μL  DMSO（母液浓度为 mg/mL）。
您所需的储备液浓度超过该产品的实测溶解度，以下方案仅供参考，如有需要，请与 MCE 中国技术支持联系。
动物实验体内工作液的配制方法 : 取 μL DMSO 储备液，加入 μL 。 μL ，混合均匀至澄清，再加 μL Tween 80，混合均匀至澄清，再加 μL 生理盐水。
连续给药周期超过半月以上，请谨慎选择该方案。
请确保第一步储备液溶解至澄清状态，从左到右依次添加助溶剂。您可采用超声加热 （超声清洗仪，建议频次 20-40 kHz），涡旋吹打等方式辅助溶解。
纯度 & 产品资料

纯度: 95.0%

COA (266 KB) HNMR (261 KB)

产品使用指南 (1538 KB)
参考文献

TBPH 相关分类

完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year。-80°C储存时，请在2年内使用，-20°C储存时，请在1年内使用。

可选溶剂 浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 1.4161 mL 7.0807 mL 14.1615 mL 35.4037 mL
5 mM 0.2832 mL 1.4161 mL 2.8323 mL 7.0807 mL
10 mM 0.1416 mL 0.7081 mL 1.4161 mL 3.5404 mL
15 mM 0.0944 mL 0.4720 mL 0.9441 mL 2.3602 mL
20 mM 0.0708 mL 0.3540 mL 0.7081 mL 1.7702 mL
25 mM 0.0566 mL 0.2832 mL 0.5665 mL 1.4161 mL
30 mM 0.0472 mL 0.2360 mL 0.4720 mL 1.1801 mL
40 mM 0.0354 mL 0.1770 mL 0.3540 mL 0.8851 mL
50 mM 0.0283 mL 0.1416 mL 0.2832 mL 0.7081 mL
60 mM 0.0236 mL 0.1180 mL 0.2360 mL 0.5901 mL
80 mM 0.0177 mL 0.0885 mL 0.1770 mL 0.4425 mL
100 mM 0.0142 mL 0.0708 mL 0.1416 mL 0.3540 mL
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

TBPH26040-51-7Mitochondrial MetabolismCytochrome P450TNF ReceptorInterleukin RelatedHSPLDLREukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF)ClpPCYPsTumor Necrosis Factor ReceptorTNFRILHeat shock proteinsLow-density lipoprotein receptorCaseinolytic protease PBrominated Flame RetardantNASHNASH LOs modelMFN2Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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