爱因斯坦冷冻机是什么

爱因斯坦制冷机原理说明 US patent专利号1781541，是一种吸收式冷冻机，不用电，而是靠热源提供能量制冷。一共采用三种工质（丁烷、氨、水），因为是靠蒸发和重力流动所以几乎没有活动部件。总运行图： 共包括三部分：1、丁烷循环：丁烷是制冷剂，在蒸发器1中蒸发并带走热量从而制冷。丁烷一开始在蒸发器1里，31是个喷头，源源不断地喷出氨气，造成丁烷分压降低，于是丁烷也随着氨气蒸发，进入冷凝器6。6里面的喷头喷水吸收氨气，丁烷冷凝后浮在水上，通过管子11流回蒸发器1完成制冷循环。2、氨循环：从上图可知，氨从喷头喷入蒸发器1，然后跟丁烷一起进入冷凝器6。被水吸收顺着管道27流进发生器29。发生器29对混合液体加热，氨气从水中逸出沿着管子30走，最后从蒸发器1的喷头32喷出，完成循环。一小部分留在水里的氨气经过加热器36的再热，于汽包33中同水分离，沿管道34进入冷凝器6再被水吸收。（虚线部分）3、水循环：水在冷凝器6的喷头35中喷出，吸收丁烷、氨混合气体中的氨气，由于密度比丁烷大，所以液面会分层，水在下面，经管道27流进发生器29（在此还流经换热器28进行了一次热交换）。在发生器29中由于温度不到100度，水不会沸腾，而是被氨气的压力经再加热器36（不是再热器哈哈~）压入汽包33，与残留的氨气分离后经管道37通过重力自发流向冷凝器6并从喷头35喷出，完成循环。 评价：系统略庞大，优点是不用电。但是想维持正常运转需要比较精细的控制系统（主要是液面高度较敏感）。特殊场合会用得到。A suitable refrigerant; for instance butane, in liquid form is'contained within evaporator 1. An inert gas, for instance ammonia, is introduced into evaporator 1 through conduit 30 anddistributor head 31. The refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator in the presence of the inert gas due to the fact that the partial pressure of the refrigerant is reduced thereby and the resulting gaseous mixture passes through conduit 5 to within condenser 6. Here the mixture'comes in intimate contact with an absorption liquid, for example water, which is introduced into the condenser through conduit 37 and distributor head 35. Inasmuch as the ammonia gas is very soluble in water, while the butane is quite insoluble, the ammonia gas is absorbed by the water, thus freeing the butane from the gaseous mix ture. Thus the butane assumes substantially the entire pressure within the condenser, which pressure is suflicient to cause its liquefaction at the temperature maintained therein by the cooling water.The specific gravity of liquid butane is less than that of the solution of ammonia in water and hence stratification of the two, liquids occurs, the liquid butane floating upon the ammoniasolution. The latter solution is indicated by reference character 26. The liquid butane passesfrom condenser 6 through conduit 11 and returns toevaporator 1, where it is again evaporated and the cycle repeated.The ammonia solution flows b gravity from condenser 6 through conduit 2; and heat exchanger jacket 28 to within generator 29. Here the application of heat causes the ammonia to be expelled as a gas from the solution and this ammonia gas passes through conduit 30 and distributor head 31 to within evaporator 1, where it reduces the partial pressure of the butane, wherefore the latter evaporates as previously described.Water, containing but little ammonia in solution, passes from generator 29 into conduit.32where it is further heated by the source of heat 36. This heating causes the formation of vapor in conduit 32 which lifts liquid through this conduit to within container 33. The liquid thussupplied to container 33 may pass by gravity through conduit 37 to condenser 6. The'hot'weak liquid passing through conduit 87 is brought into heat exchange relationship with the cool strong liquid passing through heat exchanger jacket 28 and an exchange of heat between the two liquids takes place. The weak liquid is further cooled by being brought into heat exchange relation with the cooling water in jacket 12 and is hence ina condition to rapidly absorb ammonia in the condenser.Vapor entering container 33 from conduit- 32 passes therefrom through vent conduit 34 to the condenser.During the operation of the hereinbefore described apparatus, the pressure existing in the various members is uniform with the exception of slight pressure differences, sufficient to cause flow of.fluids. caused by liquid columns. The pressure existing in generator 29 must be sufficiently greater than that existing in the upper part of evaporator 1 to cause the flow of vapor to take placefrom distributor head 31, or, in other words, to overcome the liquid head designated by k This excess pressure in the generator is balanced by the head exerted by the column of liquid equal to the differences in levels between the liquid in condenser 6 andgenerator 29, indicated by k It is, of course, necessary that the head represented by h is less than that represented by h, in order that flow shall take place While we have described a preferred embodiment for carrying out our invention, it is to be understood that modifications thereof fall within the scope of the invention