1.1
Reagents:
(-)-Mandelic acid
Solvents:
Toluene
;
heated; cooled
1.2
Reagents:
Ammonia
Catalysts:
Di-μ-iododiiodobis[(1,2,3,4,5-η)-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl]d…
;
8 h, 80 °C; 80 °C → rt; 6 h, rt
1.3
Catalysts:
Potassium tert-butoxide
Solvents:
Toluene
,
Water
;
1 h, reflux; reflux → rt