Capsidiol 

Capsidiol is a sesquiterpene phytoalexin, and it is the main antimicrobial compound produced by Solanaceae plants in response to pathogen infection. Capsidiol possesses immunomodulatory and anti-neuroinflammatory activities; it not only inhibits overactivated T cell responses but also alleviates inflammatory responses of microglia in the brain. Capsidiol inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and IL-6 in microglia. Capsidiol decreases the populations of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells that produce IFN-γ, and reduces the secretion of related proinflammatory cytokines by these cells. Capsidiol can be used in the research of multiple sclerosis, potato late blight and gray mold^[1][2][3].

Capsidiol (1-50 μM; 26 h) 不影响 BV2 细胞活力，但高浓度下可显著抑制小鼠小胶质细胞 BV2 中 IFN-γ 诱导的一氧化氮和 IL-6 产生，以及 iNOS 和 COX-2 蛋白的表达^[1]。
Capsidiol (5-50 μM; 3 d) 能浓度依赖性地减少刺激诱导产生的 IFN-γ⁺ CD4⁺ (Th1) 和 IFN-γ⁺ CD8⁺ (Tc1) 细胞比例，并降低包括 IFN-γ、IL-17A、IL-6、IL-2、TNF-α 和 IP-10 在内的多种促炎细胞因子的分泌^[1]。
Capsidiol (1 mg/mL) 可特异性诱导同时沉默 Nb-ABCG1/Nb-ABCG2 的 Nicotiana benthamiana 叶片细胞产生植物毒性 (细胞死亡及离子渗漏水平升高)，表明具有功能的 Nb-ABCG1 和 Nb-ABCG2 转运蛋白可保护植物细胞免受辣椒素醇诱导的损伤^[2]。
Capsidiol (100-1000 μM; 2 h-4 d) 会被 Botrytis cinerea 通过脱氢作用代谢为辣椒酮；同时对菌株表现出浓度依赖性的生长抑制作用^[3]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Capsidiol (1 mg/mL) 在 Nb-ABCG1/2 沉默的本氏烟 (Nicotiana benthamiana) 叶片中表现出植物毒性^[2]。
Capsidiol 由宿主植物产生，会被灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea) 的 BcCPDH 解毒为辣椒酮^[3]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

236.35

C₁₅H₂₄O₂

37208-05-2

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Yang EJ, et al. The ameliorative effects of capsidiol isolated from elicited Capsicum annuum on mouse splenocyte immune responses and neuroinflammation. Phytother Res. 2021;35(3):1597-1608.

  [2]. Shibata Y, et al. The full-size ABCG transporters Nb-ABCG1 and Nb-ABCG2 function in pre-and postinvasion defense against Phytophthora infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. The Plant Cell. 2016 May 1;28(5):1163-81.
  

  [3]. Kuroyanagi T, et al. Botrytis cinerea identifies host plants via the recognition of antifungal capsidiol to induce expression of a specific detoxification gene. PNAS Nexus. 2022 Dec 21;1(5):pgac274.