Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing mycotoxin produced by species of fungi and pathogens of humans. Gliotoxin exhibits inhibitory activities against histone H3K9 methyltransferase, a key enzyme in the re
gulation of transcriptional activity by writing epigenetic marks. Gliotoxin also exhibits immunosuppressive properties by causing apoptosis of cells of the immune system. In addition, various studies
suggests Gliotoxin may also be a potential anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral agent.
정의
ChEBI: A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.
위험도
Poison.
생물학적 활성
Immunosuppressive agent; blocks phagocytosis, cytokine production and proliferation of T and B cells. Non-competitively inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of 20S proteasome; prevents degradation of I κ B α , an endogenous blocker of NF- κ B. Also inhibits farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I (IC 50 values are 80 and 17 μ M respectively) and displays antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo .
Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes. When heated to decomposition itemits very toxic fumes such as SOx and NOx.
Purification Methods
Purify gliotoxin by recrystallisation from MeOH. Its solubility in CHCl3 is 1%. The dibenzoyl derivative has m 202o (from CHCl3/MeOH). [Glister & Williams Nature 153 651 1944, Elvidge & Spring J Chem Soc Suppl 135 1949, Johnson et al. J Am Chem Soc 65 2005 1943, Bracken & Raistrick Biochem J 41 569 1947.]
