SleepSign for Animal was developed by Kissei Comtec in Japan and was designed to assist researchers with basic sleep research in laboratory animals. Since its introduction in the market, SleepSign for Animal has been selected as the preferred software for Sleep Analysis studies by an increasing number of researchers all over the world.

1.Import digital data from third party acquisition system

SleepSign can import following digital data directly;

• DSI Dataquest A.R.T. waveform and parameter data files
• BioPac AcqKnowledge data files
• EDF (European Data Format) files
• Text files

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2.Interface with analog amplifier

The SleepSign data acquisition program and related hardware enable you to acquire data from the analog output of your amplifier and store it as digital data in a PC. A PC and an amplifier are not included with this system.

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3.Synchronous video recording

You can record video data synchronously with physiological data by installing additional hardware (MPEG encoder board, cameras). You can record up to four video inputs at a time by applying a multiplexer. The MPEG encoder board; MVR D2200V is manufactured by CANOPUS corporation ().

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Digital Video

Video Recording

• You can record video information synchronously with physiological data by adding additional hardware (MPEG encoder board, cameras) to SleepSign data acquisition system.
• You can import a digital video file acquired by third party system such as Microsoft Windows Media Encoder.
• You can record up to four video inputs by applying a multiplexer.

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Video Playback

• You can review video data along with EEG, EMG, and other physiological data.
• You can insert event markers while you observe the video. That enables you to highlight and quantify abnormal behaviors of animals
• You can save the SleepSign window image as AVI file. That enables you to create visual aids of your presentation easily.

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Sleepsign Analysis Program

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1.Waveform Viewer

1 min/page display

6 hours/page display

• You can select the page length from 4 seconds to 24 hours.
• Events are displayed on the waveform if events have been inserted by the acquisition program. With the Event Search function, you can jump to an epoch where an event is inserted.
• An FFT spectrum of the currently selected epoch is displayed on the right bottom of the window (Epoch FFT).

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2.Stage Scoring

The auto-scoring function and many useful functions to assist your manual scoring and drastically reduce the labor and time you spend on sleep/wake stage scoring.

1. Auto-Scoring SleepSign scores sleep/wake stages automatically based on EEG and EMG. The criteria of the auto-scoring can be configured flexibly to satisfy various criteria of each researcher. Auto-Scoring results can be manually modified very easily.
   
   NEW FUNCTION !! Multi animal staging can be simply performed just with one step presetting. You can drastically reduces the time and labor you spend on stage scoring with its Auto-Scoring function.

   Multi Animal Scoring

2. Manual-Scoring
   < >You can manually score sleep/wake stages quite easily by using a mouse or a keypad. Three or five rows of pages can be displayed, and scored at a time. You can display FFT spectrums of each epoch in a page (Page divide FFT). You can refer to these FFT spectrums when you score sleep/wake stages. You can list epochs which satisfy criteria of multiple stages of auto-scoring. This function helps you to review and modify the subtle part of auto-scoring results.
   1 min/page three rows display
   Page divide FFT
   The following Epoch length can be selected: 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 20, 30, 60 seconds. You can select suitable stage classification from pre-assigned stages (Wake, REM, NREM, Light, Deep, etc.) and up to three un-assigned stages.
3. Artifact Stage You can mark epochs which contain artifacts as artifact stages automatically or manually. Artifact stages are excluded from the calculation of, which represents sleep quality, while they are counted for the and the , which represent sleep quantity. An asterisk is displayed above the stage name if the epoch is indicated as an artifact stage.

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3.Hypnogram/Trend Graph

The stage scoring result is displayed as the Hypnogram. In addition to the Hypnogram, various sorts of information can be displayed as Trend Graphs on the same time scale. The sorts of Trend Graphs are as follows;

FFT analysis result Percentage or frequency of a particular waveform (such as Delta, Theta, Spindle) per epoch. EMG integral Maximum or mnimum value in an epoch (useful for plotting parameters such as temperature, blood pressure). Many other parameters *if you import data files from the DSI Dataquest A.R.T system, you can display parameters saved in the parameter file (such as activity, temperature, heart rate) as Trend Graphs. You can print the Hypnogram and Trend Graphs as well as save it as a text file or a bitmap file.

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4.Stage Graph

SleepSign calculates the total duration or percentage of each sleep/wake stage by any time bin and time range, and draws the Stage Graph. You can print the Stage graph as well as save it as a text file or a bitmap file.

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5.Vigilance State Parameters

SleepSign displays a time series list of each episode (a series of sleep/wake stages) along with duration of each episode. In addition, frequency, mean duration, and standard deviation of each episode are displayed. You can calculate and display Vigilance State Parameters by any time bin and time range (ex: light period vs. dark period, or every 6 hours). With this function, you can grasp the transition of sleep/wake patterns easily.

You can save the Vigilance State parameters result in a text file.

You can also obtain the frequency of each episode sorted by duration

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6.Average FFT

SleepSign calculates average FFT spectrums of each sleep/wake stage by each time bin and time range. The result can be saved as a text file. The average FFT spectrum is referred to as an index of sleep quality by comparing them by units or different periods of time (ex: light period vs. dark period, sleep deprived vs. control).

Average FFT of NREM and REM in light period and dark period

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7.Other functions

• Digital filter 
  You can apply low path filter, high path filter, band path filter, band stop filter, or smoothing to each channel.
• Save as a bitmap file 
  You can save the following images as a bitmap file: Whole window, waveform, Hypnogram/Trend Graph, Stage Graph, etc.
• Print 
  You can print the following images: waveform, Hypnogram/Trend Graph, Stage Graph
• Save as a text file 
  You can save the following values as a text file: raw data, Hypnogram/Trend Graph, FFT result, Vigilance State Parameters, Stage Graph, etc.
  - You can print auto-scoring parameters or save them as a text file.

动物睡眠监测系统的详细介绍

SleepSign for Animal drastically reduces the time and labor you spend on stage scoring with its Auto-Scoring function and many other useful functions to assist your manual scoring. In addition, SleepSign for Animal enables you to generate various types of standard reports which are required in the basic sleep research, with just a few key strokes. These report functions enable you to grasp both sleep quality and sleep quantity very easily. Sleepsign Publications 2012 Protein Synthesis during Sleep Consolidates Cortical Plasticity In Vivo Seibt,J.; Dumoulin, M.C.; Aton, S.J.; Coleman, T.; Watson, A.; Naidoo, N.; Frank, M.G. Current Biology 22, 676–682, April 24, 2012 Elsevier Ltd (Report) Effect of nicotine withdrawal on sleep quantity and quality in rats Mathews, H.L.; Malin, D.H.; Feiler, P.; Thompson, L.; Bautisa, J.; Negrete, A. Goyarzu, P.; Ward, C.P. Poster at SFN 2012, October 2012 2011 A Pilot Study into the Effects of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN55,212-2 or the Antagonist/Inverse Agonist AM251 on Sleep in Rats Goonawardena, A.V.; Plano, A.; Robinson, L.; Platt, B. Hampson, R.E.; Riedel, G. Sleep Disorders Volume 2011, Article ID 178469, 7 October 2011 (Research Article) Does antiepileptogenesis affects sleep in genetic epileptic rats? Van Luijtelaar, G.; Wilde, M.; Citraro, R.; Scicchitano,F.; Van Rijn, C. International J of Psychophysiology, 23 September 2011 [Epub ahead of print] 2010 Studies on wakefulness-promoting effect of memantine in rats T. Ishida, Y. Obara, C. Kamei Behavioural Brain Research Volume 206, Issue 2, 20 January 2010, Pages 274-278 2009 Title Effects of some antipsychotics and a benzodiazepine hypnotic on the sleep-wake pattern in an animal model of schizophrenia T. Ishida, Y. Obara, C. Kamei J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Sep;111(1):44-52. Epub 2009 Aug 29 Feeding-elicited cataplexy in orexin knockout mice E.L. Clark, C.R. Baumann, G. Cano, T.E. Scamell and T. Mochizuki Neuroscience, (2009); 161: 970 – 977. 2008 Neural Circuitry of Stress-Induced Insomnia in Rats Georgina Cano, Takatoshi Mochizuki, and Clifford B. Saper The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2008; 28(40):10167–10184 Studies on somnolence in the daytime caused by drugs used for neuropathic pain Y. Takeda, T. Ishida, R. Tsutsui, K. Toide, S. Tanimoto-Mori, S. Watanabe, Y. Kanai, C. Kamei J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Jul;107(3):246-50. Epub 2008 Jun 28 Effects of Ibotenate and 192IgG-Saporin Lesions of the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis/Substantia Innominata on Spontaneous Sleep and Wake States and on Recovery Sleep after Sleep Deprivation in Rats  Satvinder Kaur, Adrienne Junek, Michelle A. Black, and Kazue Semba J. Neurosci., Jan 2008; 28: 491 - 504 2007 Sleep/wake fragmentation disrupts metabolism in a mouse model of narcolepsy  Shengwen Zhang, Jamie M. Zeitzer, Takeshi Sakurai, Seiji Nishino, and Emmanuel Mignot J. Physiol., Jun 2007; 581: 649 - 663. Selective Blockade of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)7 Receptors Enhances 5-HT Transmission, Antidepressant-Like Behavior, and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Suppression Induced by Citalopram in Rodents  Pascal Bonaventure, Lisa Kelly, Leah Aluisio, Jonathan Shelton, Brian Lord, Ruggero Galici, Kirsten Miller, John Atack, Timothy W. Lovenberg, and Christine Dugovic J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 2007; 321: 690 - 698. Extract of Ganoderma lucidum potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleep via a GABAergic mechanism Qing-Ping Chua, Li-En Wanga, Xiang-Yu Cuia, Hong-Zheng Fub, Zhi-Bin Lina, Shu-Qian Linc and Yong-He Zhanga Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior Volume 86, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 693-698 Title Altered Circadian and Homeostatic Sleep Regulation in Prokineticin 2-Deficient Mice Wang-Ping Hu, Jia-Da Li, Chengkang Zhang, Lisa Boehmer, Jerome M. Siegel, Qun-Yong Zhou SLEEP, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2007 2006 Attenuated Circadian Rhythms in Mice Lacking the Prokineticin 2 Gene  Jia-Da Li, Wang-Ping Hu, Lisa Boehmer, Michelle Y. Cheng, Alex G. Lee, Alexander Jilek, Jerome M. Siegel, and Qun-Yong Zhou J. Neurosci., Nov 2006; 26: 11615 - 11623. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase produces prostaglandin D2 involved in regulation of physiological sleep  Wei-Min Qu, Zhi-Li Huang, Xin-Hong Xu, Kosuke Aritake, Naomi Eguchi, Fumio Nambu, Shu Narumiya, Yoshihiro Urade, and Osamu Hayaishi PNAS, Nov 2006; 103: 17949 - 17954. Altered sleep–wake characteristics and lack of arousal response to H3 receptor antagonist in histamine H1 receptor knockout mice  Zhi-Li Huang, Takatoshi Mochizuki, Wei-Min Qu, Zong-Yuan Hong, Takeshi Watanabe, Yoshihiro Urade, and Osamu Hayaishi PNAS, Mar 2006; 103: 4687 - 4692. Catecholamine neurones in rats modulate sleep, breathing, central chemoreception and breathing variability  Aihua Li and Eugene Nattie J. Physiol., Jan 2006; 570: 385 - 396. Catecholamine neurones in rats modulate sleep, breathing, central chemoreception and breathing variability  Aihua Li and Eugene Nattie J. Physiol., Jan 2006; 570: 385 - 396. 2005 Despite Similar Anxiolytic Potential, the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Receptor Antagonist SB-242084 [6-Chloro-5-methyl-1-[2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)-pyrid-5-yl Carbamoyl] Indoline] and Chlordiazepoxide Produced Differential Effects on Electroencephalogram Power Spectra  Sandor Kantor, Rita Jakus, Eszter Molnar, Norbert Gyongyosi, Attila Toth, Laszlo Detari, and Gyorgy Bagdy Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward First published on August 5, 2005; DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.086413 Effects of Valerian Extract on the Sleep-wake Cycle in Sleep-disturbed Rats  Kazuaki Shinomiya, Katsuyuki Fujimura, Yonsu Kim, and Chiaki Kamei Acta Med Okayama. 2005 Jun;59(3):89-92 Adenosine A2A, but not A1, receptors mediate the arousal effect of caffeine Zhi-Li Huang, Wei-Min Qu, Naomi Eguchi, Jiang-Fan Chen, Michael A Schwarzschild, Berti B Fredholm, Yoshihiro Urade & Osamu HayaishiNature Neuroscience, Published online: 19 June 2005; doi: 10, 1038/nn1491 An adenosine A2A receptor agonist induces sleep by increasing GABA release in the tuberomammillary nucleus to inhibit histaminergic systems in rats  Zong-Yuan Hong, Zhi-Li Huang, Wei-Min Qu, Naomi Eguchi, Yoshihiro Urade and Osamu Hayaishi Journal of Neurochemistry Volume 92 Issue 6 Page 1542 - March 2005 doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02991.x Effects of kava-kava extract on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rat s  Shinomiya K, Inoue T, Utsu Y, Tokunaga S, Masuoka T, Ohmori A, Kamei C. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005 Feb 8 Excitatory and Inhibitory Actions of Isoflurane in Cholinergic Ascending Arousal System of the Rat  Hailong Dong, M.D., Ph.D., Satoru Fukuda, M.D., Ph.D., Tetsuro Isada, M.D., Hirotake Eguchi, M.D., Hisato Suzuki, M.D. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: A155 COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN AND ZOLPIDEM ON SLEEP USING RADIOTELEMETRY IN RATS Simon P Fisher, Kathryn Davidson, and David Sugden European Pineal and Biological Rhythms Society 2005 Poster presentation 2004 Thalamic Cav3.1 T-type Ca2_ channel plays a crucial role in stabilizing sleep Matthew P. Anderson, Takatoshi Mochizuki, Jinghui Xie, Walter Fischler, Jules P. Manger, Edmund M. Talley, Thomas E. 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Kelly, Sandor Kantor and Gyorgy Bagdy Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 May;173(3-4):296-309. Epub 2004 Apr 9 Accuracy evaluation of sleep-wake stage analysis with SleepSign Ver2.0  Yujiro TAGUCHI, Shima HANDO, Mie SAKATA, Naomi EGUCHI and Yoshihiro URADE Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 2 Issues1Page S58 - May 2004 doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2004.00117.x Expression of a Poly-Glutamine-Ataxin-3 Transgene in Orexin Neurons Induces Narcolepsy–Cataplexy in the Rat Carsten T. Beuckmann, Christopher M. Sinton, S. Clay Williams, James A. Richardson, Robert E. Hammer, Takeshi Sakurai, and Masashi Yanagisawa The Journal of Neuroscience, May 5, 2004, 24(18):4469-4477 Sleep Deprivation and Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress Anupama Gopalakrishnan, PhD; Li Li Ji, PhD; Chiara Cirelli MD, PhD Sleep. 2004 Feb 1;27(1):27-35. Effects of three hypnotics on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in sleep-disturbed rats.  Shinomiya K, Shigemoto Y, Omichi J, Utsu Y, Mio M, Kamei C. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Apr;173(1-2):203-9. Epub 2004 Jan 14. Extracellular histamine level in the frontal cortex is positively correlated with the amount of wakefulness in rats  Extracellular histamine level in the frontal cortex is positively correlated with the amount of wakefulness in rats Min Chua, Zhi-Li Huanga, Wei-Min Qu, Naomi Eguchi, Ming-Hui Yao, Yoshihiro Urade Neuroscience Research 49 (2004) 417–420 2003 Characterization Of The Sleep Patterns Of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Knockout Mice Huitron-Resendiz S, Gallegos RA, Wills DN, Zhukov VI, Cravatt BF,Henriksen SJ Journal Sleep 2003 Abstracts Minireview: Sleep regulation in adenosine A2A receptor-deficient mice  Yoshihiro Urade, Naomi Eguchi, Wei-Min Qu, Mie Sakata, Zhi-Li Huang, Jiang-Fan Chen, Michael A. Schwarzschild, J. Stephen Fink, and Osamu Hayaishi Neurology, Vol. 61, Issue 90116, S -96, December 9, 2003 Prostaglandin E2 Activates the Histaminergic System via the EP4 Receptor to Induce Wakefulness in Rats  Zhi-Li Huang, Yo Sato, Takatoshi Mochizuki, Tetsuya Okada, Wei-Min Qu, Atsushi Yamatodani, Yoshihiro Urade, and Osamu Hayaishi The Journal of Neuroscience,July 9, 2003, 23(14):5975-5983 2002 AUTOMATIC VIGILANCE STATE CLASSIFICATION OF RATS AND MICE USING COMMERCIAL SLEEP ANALYSIS SOFTWARE Gallegos RA, Huitron-Resendiz S, Sanchez-Alavez M, CriadoJR, Wills DN, Henriksen SJ Journal Sleep 2002 Abstracts SLEEP/WAKE BEHAVIOR IN MCH OVEREXPRESSING MICE Cronin SJ, Mochizuki T, Papadopoulou M, Trombly D, Maratos-Flier E, Scammell TE Journal Sleep 2002 Abstracts 2001 Dominant localization of prostaglandin D receptors on arachnoid trabecular cells in mouse basal forebrain and their involvement in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep  Akira Mizoguchi, Naomi Eguchi, Kazushi Kimura, Yoshimoto Kiyohara, Wei-Min Qu, Zhi-Li Huang, Takatoshi Mochizuki, MichaelLazarus, Takuya Kobayashi, Takeshi Kaneko, Shuh Narumiya, Yoshihiro Urade, and Osamu Hayaishi Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11674-9. 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