IFN-γ，亦称之为II型干扰素或免疫干扰素，是一种主要由T-淋巴细胞和天然杀伤细胞产生的细胞因子。该蛋白与IFN-β或其他IFN-α家族蛋白无显著同源性。成熟的IFN-γ以非共价结合的同源二聚体形式存在。小鼠IFN-γ的氨基酸序列与人IFN-γ的氨基酸序列具有大约40%的同一性，具有高度的物种特异性。IFN-γ最初是基于其抗病毒活性而被鉴定出，但该蛋白也具有抗增殖、免疫调节和促炎症反应等活性，因此对宿主防御机制至关重要。IFN-γ可诱导细胞因子的产生、上调MHC I 类和MHC II类分子、Fc受体和白血细胞粘附因子等的表达。IFN-γ通过与其特异的细胞表面受体高亲和力的结合，而发挥生物学活性。除成熟红细胞外，IFN-γ受体存在于几乎所有类型的细胞，而且已被克隆和鉴定。IFN-γ受体在结构上与最近克隆的IL-10受体相关。
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