The use of renewable bio-fuel in internal combustion engines is the trend for the near future. However, it is easy to affect the cylinder liner due to the cavitation of the fuels. This study shows definite evidence that the cavitation erosion affects the tribological behaviour of the boron cast iron cylinder liner. The results indicate that the amount of both adsorbed lubricating film and tribo-film on the worn surfaces of the boron cast iron decreased with an increase in cavitation time, which is the direct reason for the increase of the friction coefficient and wear loss of the cylinder liner.