Herein, cotton fabric was treated with an alkaline solution to increase the content of surface hydroxyl groups and then functionalized with UiO-66-NH₂, a nanoporous metal–organic framework. Instrumental analysis of the thus treated fabric revealed that its surface was covered with UiO-66-NH₂ crystals in a uniform manner. The ability of the functionalized fabric to degrade two chemical warfare agents (soman and sulfur mustard) was probed by testing its permeability to these two agents (swatch testing), and the excellent degradation performance was concluded to be well suited for a broad range of filtration and decontamination applications.