The construction of metal–organic framework (MOF) based heterostructures are a promising strategy to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities of MOFs. For the intrinsic porosity, inorganic–organic hybrid nature and structural tunability of MOFs, a wide variety of MOF-based heterostructured photocatalysts with improved hydrogen evolution activities have been fabricated. In this frontier article, we present the latest advances in MOF-based heterostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The opportunities and challenges related to MOF-based heterostructured photocatalysts are also presented.