Electrochemical performances of LiMnPO4 synthesized from non-stoichiometric Li/Mn ratio†
Jie Xiao,Natasha A. Chernova,Shailesh Upreti,Xilin Chen,Zheng Li,Zhiqun Deng,Daiwon Choi,Wu Xu,Zimin Nie,Gordon L. Graff,Jun Liu,M. Stanley Whittingham,Ji-Guang Zhang
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Pub Date : 09/12/2011 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C1CP22658D
Abstract

In this paper, the influences of the lithium content in the starting materials on the final performances of as-prepared LixMnPO4 (x hereafter represents the starting Li content in the synthesis step which does not necessarily mean that LixMnPO4 is a single phase solid solution in this work.) are systematically investigated. It has been revealed that Mn2P2O7 is the main impurity when Li < 1.0 while Li3PO4 begins to form once x > 1.0. The interactions between Mn2P2O7 or Li3PO4 impurities and LiMnPO4 are studied in terms of the structural, electrochemical, and magnetic properties. At a slow rate of C/50, the reversible capacity of both Li0.5MnPO4 and Li0.8MnPO4 increases with cycling. This indicates a gradual activation of more sites to accommodate a reversible diffusion of Li+ ions that may be related to the interaction between Mn2P2O7 and LiMnPO4 nanoparticles. Among all of the different compositions, Li1.1MnPO4 exhibits the most stable cycling ability probably because of the existence of a trace amount of Li3PO4 impurity that functions as a solid-state electrolyte on the surface. The magnetic properties and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the MnPO4·H2O precursor, pure and carbon-coated LixMnPO4 are also investigated to identify the key steps involved in preparing a high-performance LiMnPO4.

Graphical abstract: Electrochemical performances of LiMnPO4 synthesized from non-stoichiometric Li/Mn ratio