BiPO4–CdS composites consisting of BiPO4 nanorods and CdS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted reaction. The photocatalytic performance of the BiPO4–CdS composites, with different proportions of CdS, in the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation was investigated. The results show that the BiPO4–CdS composite with 30.1 wt% CdS achieves a better performance with a maximum degradation rate of 98.1% as compared with pure BiPO4 due to the increase of specific surface area for more adsorbed MO, the enhancement of light absorption and the reduction of carrier recombination.