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Engineering high charge transfer n-doping of graphene electrodes and its application to organic electronics†
Simon Sanders,Andrea Cabrero-Vilatela,Jack A. Alexander-Webber,Christ Weijtens,Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,Adrianus I. Aria,Malik M. Qasim,Timothy D. Wilkinson,John Robertson,Stephan Hofmann,Jens Meyer
Nanoscale Pub Date : 07/06/2015 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C5NR03246F
Abstract

Using thermally evaporated cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) in an organic matrix, we present a novel strategy for efficient n-doping of monolayer graphene and a ∼90% reduction in its sheet resistance to ∼250 Ohm sq−1. Photoemission spectroscopy confirms the presence of a large interface dipole of ∼0.9 eV between graphene and the Cs2CO3/organic matrix. This leads to a strong charge transfer based doping of graphene with a Fermi level shift of ∼1.0 eV. Using this approach we demonstrate efficient, standard industrial manufacturing process compatible graphene-based inverted organic light emitting diodes on glass and flexible substrates with efficiencies comparable to those of state-of-the-art ITO based devices.

Graphical abstract: Engineering high charge transfer n-doping of graphene electrodes and its application to organic electronics
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