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Electron confinement meet electron delocalization: non-additivity and finite-size effects in the polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients of the fullerenes†
Ka Un Lao,Yan Yang,Robert A. DiStasio, Jr.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Pub Date : 03/02/2021 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/D0CP05638C
Abstract

In this work, we used finite-field derivative techniques and density functional theory (DFT) to compute the static isotropic polarizability series (αl with l = 1, 2, 3) for the C60–C84 fullerenes and quantitatively assess the intrinsic non-additivity in these fundamental response properties. By comparing against classical models of the fullerenes as conducting spherical shells (or solid spheres) of uniform electron density, a detailed critical analysis of the derived effective scaling laws (α1N1.2, α2N2.0, α3N2.7) demonstrates that the electronic structure of finite-sized fullerenes—a unique dichotomy of electron confinement and delocalization effects due to their quasi-spherical cage-like structures and encapsulated void spaces—simultaneously limits and enhances their quantum mechanical response to electric field perturbations. Corresponding frequency-dependent polarizabilities were obtained by inputting the αl series into the hollow sphere model (within the modified single frequency approximation), and used to compute the molecular dispersion coefficients (Cn with n = 6, 8, 9, 10) needed to describe the non-trivial van der Waals (vdW) interactions in fullerene-based systems. Using first-order perturbation theory in conjunction with >140 000 DFT calculations, we also computed the non-negligible zero-point vibrational contributions to α1 in C60 and C70, thereby enabling a more accurate and direct comparison between theory and experiment for these quintessential nanostructures.

Graphical abstract: Electron confinement meet electron delocalization: non-additivity and finite-size effects in the polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients of the fullerenes
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