In this work, magnetic quantum dots molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized, which were based on ZnS and magnetic Fe₃O₄. The polymers had a spherical shape and a core–shell structure and exhibited a magnetic strength of 17.20 emu g⁻¹ and optical stability. After the experimental conditions were optimized, the fluorescence intensity showed a linear dependence with concentration from 5.0 μmol L⁻¹ to 50 μmol L⁻¹, with R² = 0.9960. Upon optimizing the experimental conditions, the linear dependence of fluorescence intensity with concentration ranged from 5.0 μmol L⁻¹ to 50 μmol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 0.08 μmol L⁻¹. Furthermore, the MQDs–MIPs were successfully used for the detection of a tap water sample. With three spiking concentration levels, the recovery rate of each experiment was from 99.45 to 103.4%, with a relative standard deviation from 1.97 to 3.37%. This study provides a promising strategy for fabricating magnetic fluorescence molecular imprinted polymers with highly selective recognition ability.