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From discovery to scale-up: α-lipoic acid : nicotinamide co-crystals in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser†
Lihua Zhao,Vishal Raval,Naomi E. B. Briggs,Rajni M. Bhardwaj,Thomas McGlone,Iain D. H. Oswald,Alastair J. Florence
CrystEngComm Pub Date : 03/04/2014 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C4CE00154K
Abstract

The crystalline nutritional supplement α-lipoic acid degrades rapidly on exposure to temperatures above its melting point 65 °C and to light. A small-scale experimental co-crystal screen has produced three novel co-crystals of α-lipoic acid that each display enhanced thermal stability and differences in aqueous solubilities compared to α-lipoic acid. In each case, the initial screening procedure produced tens of milligrams of material enabling initial identification, characterisation and crystal structure determination. The structure of the α-lipoic acid : nicotinamide co-crystal was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and used for subsequent phase identification. Scale-up of the co-crystallisation process of α-lipoic acid with nicotinamide was then investigated in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser. Over 1 kg of solid co-crystals was produced using a continuous crystallisation process in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser at a throughput of 350 g h−1 yielding a purity of 99% demonstrating this as an effective route to rapid scale-up of a novel co-crystal system.

Graphical abstract: From discovery to scale-up: α-lipoic acid : nicotinamide co-crystals in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser
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