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Improved synthesis of N-ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine†
Selin Ergun,Matthew D. Casselman,Aman Preet Kaur,N. Harsha Attanayake,Sean R. Parkin,Susan A. Odom
New Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 06/15/2020 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/D0NJ00184H
Abstract

N-Ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine is a highly soluble redox shuttle for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries with an oxidation potential of ca. 3.8 V vs. Li+/0 in carbonate solvents. This compound has enabled extensive overcharge protection of LiFePO4/graphite cells and does so at high charging rates at high concentrations. Our initial synthesis of this compound suffered from low yields and difficult purifications. Here we report a cleaner, higher-yielding synthesis and additional characterization of the product and its stable radical cation salt.

Graphical abstract: Improved synthesis of N-ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine
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