Fenton processes have gained much attention in the field of wastewater treatment during recent years. In order to overcome the disadvantages of Fenton processes, research has focused more on the heterogeneous Fenton process, with highly active and stable solid catalysts. This review reports on advances in the field of heterogeneous Fenton processes in recent years, especially focusing on the various heterogeneous catalysts used. After a general introduction to the various Fenton processes, their advantages and the importance of heterogeneous Fenton processes, various catalysts used in heterogeneous Fenton processes are described in detail. These catalysts are divided into iron minerals, zero-valent iron, waste materials, iron- and iron oxide-loaded materials, and clay. The properties, stability, activity and pollutant degradation mechanism of various catalysts are also discussed in detail.