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Hyper–Rayleigh scattering in 2D redox exfoliated semi-metallic ZrTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide†
Manoel L. da Silva-Neto,Renato Barbosa-Silva,Christiano J. S. de Matos,Ali M. Jawaid,Allyson J. Ritter,Richard A. Vaia,Anderson S. L. Gomes
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Pub Date : 11/23/2020 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/D0CP04821F
Abstract

Nonlinear optical characterization of nanostructured layered transition metal dichalcogenides (LTMDs) is of fundamental interest for basic knowledge and applied purposes. In particular, second-order optical nonlinearities are the basis for second harmonic generation as well as sum or difference frequency generation and have been studied in some 2D TMDs, especially in those with a semiconducting character. Here we report, for the first time, on the second-order nonlinearity of the semi-metallic ZrTe2 monolayer in acetonitrile suspension (concentration of 4.9 × 1010 particles per cm3), synthesized via a modified redox exfoliation method and characterized using the Hyper–Rayleigh scattering technique in the nanosecond regime. The orientation-averaged first-hyperpolarizability was found to be β(2ω) = (7.0 ± 0.3) × 10−24 esu per ZrTe2 monolayer flake, the largest reported so far. Polarization-resolved measurements were performed in the monolayer suspension and indicate the dipolar origin of the generated incoherent second harmonic wave.

Graphical abstract: Hyper–Rayleigh scattering in 2D redox exfoliated semi-metallic ZrTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide
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