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2′-Fluoro-c-di-GMP as an oral vaccine adjuvant†
Jia Li,Rhonda Kuo Lee,Hongbin Yan
RSC Advances Pub Date : 12/16/2019 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C9RA08310C
Abstract

Bis-(3′–5′)-cyclic dimeric 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine monophosphate (2′-F-c-di-GMP) was synthesized through the modified H-phosphonate chemistry. Oral immunization of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter pylori cell-free sonicate extract adjuvanted with 2′-F-c-di-GMP led to the production of antigen-specific antibodies in feces and sera, and lowered bacterial counts in the stomach upon post-vaccination infections in immunized mice. Similarly, oral vaccination of BALB/c mice with flagillin proteins from Clostridium difficile and Listeria monocytogenes adjuvanted with 2′-F-c-di-GMP led to production of antigen-specific antibodies both systemically and mucosally. The adjuvanticity of 2′-F-c-di-GMP is associated with the enhanced induction of interferon γ. These results demonstrated the excellent oral adjuvanticity of 2′-F-c-di-GMP.

Graphical abstract: 2′-Fluoro-c-di-GMP as an oral vaccine adjuvant
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