Pipeline steel has considerable risk of corrosion in the high voltage direct current interference cases. Thus, under high potential/current density conditions, the anodic polarization behaviour of X80 steel in Na₂SO₄ solution and the influence of Cl⁻ ions were investigated using reversed potentiodynamic polarization, the current interrupt method, galvanostatic polarization, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the Na₂SO₄ solution free of Cl⁻ ions, steel was passivated above 0.120 A cm⁻² and the potential increased from −0.32 V to 1.43 V. The passive film was composed of Fe₃O₄, γ-Fe₂O₃, and FeOOH. The addition of Cl⁻ ions observably influenced the passivation by attacking the passivate film. Low concentration of Cl⁻ ions (<5 mg L⁻¹ NaCl) could set higher demands of current density to achieve passivation and increase the requirement of potential to maintain passivation. A high concentration of Cl⁻ ions (>5 mg L⁻¹ NaCl) completely prevented passivation, showing strong corrosiveness. Thus, the X80 steel was corroded even under high-current-density conditions. The corrosion products were mainly composed of Fe₃O₄, α-Fe₂O₃, and FeOOH.