Integration of a bio-chip technique with technetium-99m labeling provides zeptomolar sensitivity in liver cancer biomarker detection
L. Ma,B. C. Tang,W. J. Yang,Y. Liu,Y. L. Zhao,M. Li
Analytical Methods Pub Date : 01/20/2015 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C4AY02783C
Abstract

In the present work, we integrated a prepared bio-chip with 99mTc labeling to improve the immunoassay for cancer biomarker protein detection. Efficient binding of a 99mTc isotope-labeled secondary antibody to the biomarker protein pre-anchored to the bio-chip was followed by detection of γ rays from 99mTc decay via a Gamma Well Counter. We show that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a biomarker of liver cancer, can be detected down to 10−18 M concentration in a buffer solution with good reproducibility. This ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the aggregation of the 99mTc isotope-labeled secondary antibody which greatly amplifies the γ rays emitted per AFP binding event. The tendency of the isotope-labeled secondary antibody to aggregate was indicated by dynamic light scattering studies on a rhenium/secondary antibody conjugate, a stable structural analogue of the 99mTc conjugate. The successful zeptomolar-range detection of cancer biomarkers opens new avenues for early disease diagnoses via integrating bio-chips with isotope-labeling techniques.

Graphical abstract: Integration of a bio-chip technique with technetium-99m labeling provides zeptomolar sensitivity in liver cancer biomarker detection