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Lead-free BaTiO3–Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 weakly coupled relaxor ferroelectric materials for energy storage†
Longwen Wu,Xiaohui Wang,Longtu Li
RSC Advances Pub Date : 01/28/2016 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C5RA21261H
Abstract

Lead-free (1 − x)BaTiO3xBi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 (x = 0.05–0.20) materials were fabricated via solid-state reactions. A pure perovskite pseudocubic structure is obtained for all compositions. Dielectric measurements reveal an intensified diffusion and relaxor-like characteristics from 5 mol% to 20 mol% Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3. Weakly coupled relaxor behavior is concluded from the exceptionally high activation energies of ∼0.20–0.22 eV from the Vogel–Fulcher model for x ≥ 0.10, which possibly results in the extremely low dielectric nonlinearity and extra slim polarization–electric field loops. An optimal discharged energy density of 0.79 J cm−3 with a high energy efficiency of 93.5% is achieved at 131 kV cm−1 for x = 0.15, which proves that the BaTiO3–Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 material is a promising candidate for high energy storage applications.

Graphical abstract: Lead-free BaTiO3–Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 weakly coupled relaxor ferroelectric materials for energy storage
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