Locoregional recurrence of cervical cancer following surgical resection remains a severe clinical problem. To reduce tumor replase rate with more efficacy and safety, local combination chemotherapy may has advantages over mono-chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electrospun nanofibers co-loaded with cisplatin and curcumin to prevent local recurrence of cervical cancer after surgery. From in vitro tests, the combination of cisplatin and curcumin achieved a synergetic effect in growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of HeLa cells. From in vivo trails, local implantation of nanofibers enabled both drugs to be highly accumulated at the surgical site with an optimum concentration ratio between the two drugs. When used in the prevention of U14 cervical cancer recurrence in mice, nanofiber-based local combination chemotherapy was more effective and less toxic than systemic combination chemotherapy, indicating its great clinical potential in the future.