To evaluate a novel lamellar structural biomaterial as a potential biomaterial for guided bone regeneration, we describe the preparation of a collagen membrane with high mechanical strength and anti-enzyme degradation ability by using the multi-level structure of Ctenopharyngodon idella scales. The physical and chemical properties, in vitro degradation, biocompatibility, and in vivo osteogenic activity were preliminarily evaluated. In conclusion, it was shown that the multi-layered collagen structure material had sufficient mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic ability. Meanwhile, it is also shown that there is a gap in current clinical needs, between the guided tissue regeneration membrane and the one being used. Therefore, this study provides useful insights into the efforts being made to design and adjust the microstructure to balance its mechanical properties, degradation rate, and osteogenic activity.