Analytical methods, especially miniaturized sample preparation methods, have seen technological progress with the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs are polymers with specific sites for analyte recognition. They are combined with sample preparation at small scales for analyses with greater specificities and sensitivity. This review aims to provide an overview of current MIP research into increasing selectivity and sensitivity by chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques, with priority given to the small scale for applications in clinical and environmental analyses.