The detection of specific species of interest (i.e., analytes) in samples (blood, urine, saliva, water, and food) at low concentrations is of utmost importance for improving human health and maintaining a high quality of life. While this is mostly achievable in lab-based settings found in the developed world, this is a major hurdle to overcome in resource-limited regions found in developing countries. Therefore, new technologies capable of detecting analytes in these challenging regions need to be developed. This review details the development of point-of-care diagnostics for detecting DNA, proteins, bacteria/pathogens, and other species that show promise for solving this major health issue, and improving the quality of life for those in the developing world.