In this communication, we report a rapid and cost-efficient assay for the detection of S. enteritidis. Specific aptamers with fluorescence labeled S. enteritidis are absorbed into graphene oxide, and the fluorescence is quenched owing to the fluorescence quenching ability of graphene oxide. In the presence of S. enteritidis, the aptamer would release from the graphene oxide to obtain a significant fluorescence recovery. This aptasensor can detect as low as 40 CFU mL⁻¹ of S. enteritidis in 30 min, and can fulfill the demand of multiplex detection. The cost-effective, rapid and simple aptasensor offers a promising method for food-borne pathogen monitoring during food processing.