Regioselective β-pyrrolic electrophilic substitution of hydrodipyrrin–dialkylboron complexes facilitates access to synthetic models for chlorophyll f†
Mengran Liu,Marcin Ptaszek,Olga Mass,Daniel F. Minkler,Roger D. Sommer,Jayeeta Bhaumik,Jonathan S. Lindsey
New Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 02/26/2014 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C3NJ01508D
Abstract

Substituents in ring A of chlorophylls can exert profound effects on spectral properties. A de novo route to synthetic chlorins employs a tetrahydrodipyrrin reactant containing pyrrole and pyrroline rings. Complexation of the tetrahydrodipyrrin with a dialkylboron motif caused electrophilic substitution (bromination, formylation) to proceed predominantly at the β7- rather than α-position of the pyrrole ring, whereas an analogous dihydrodipyrrin underwent substitution equally at the 7- and 8-positions. The fully unsaturated dipyrrin–difluoroboron complex is known to undergo electrophilic substitution at the 8-position. The 7-position of the hydrodipyrrin ultimately gives rise to substituents at the chlorin 2-position (ring A), which heretofore has been little accessed. The position of substitution was confirmed by four single-crystal X-ray structures. Two isomeric formylchlorins were prepared by Pd-mediated carbonylation of the corresponding bromochlorins. Access to a 2-formylchlorin relied on bromination of the tetrahydrodipyrrin–dibutylboron complex, whereas a 3-formylchlorin was prepared by installation of the bromo group in the earliest precursor, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde. The two formylchlorins differ in absorption spectral properties: the Qy absorption maximum is 654 or 664 nm for the 2- or 3-formylchlorin, respectively. The synthetic formylchlorins provide initial models for understanding the strong red absorption of native 2- or 3-formylchlorophylls (f and d).

Graphical abstract: Regioselective β-pyrrolic electrophilic substitution of hydrodipyrrin–dialkylboron complexes facilitates access to synthetic models for chlorophyll f