Direct carbonylation of the C–H bond is a great tool for installing a carbonyl group in a wide variety of substrates. This review summarizes the C–H bond carbonylation methodologies using the cobalt-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization approach. Despite the fact that cobalt-catalyzed carbonylation methodologies have been known since Murahashi's report in 1955, this area is still underdeveloped, particularly carbonylation of the C(sp³)–H bond.