In order to strengthen the forecasting of rockburst in underground engineering, the fractal characteristics of the rockburst proneness of rock were studied in this paper. The fractal characteristics of rock surface and acoustic emission were analyzed based on four types of rocks by uniaxial compression testing. The changes in fractal characteristics among the different types of rock were compared by calculating the geometric dimension and acoustic emission dimension. Results showed that the rock with stronger rockburst proneness had more intensive failure in the loading process.