SnSbZn–carbon (SnSbZn–C)-based hybrid composite nanofibers are synthesized by electrospinning. The zero-dimensional alloy nanoparticles, SnSb and SbZn, are enclosed by one-dimensional carbon nanofibers, therefore they exhibit improved electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. For the 200th cycle, the discharge capacity remains at 663 mA h g⁻¹ and the capacity retention is 84%, the high cycling stability can be attributed to the unique one-dimensional nanofiber structure which can accommodate the volume expansion generated during cycling, and prevent the particles from aggregating.