Highly efficient semiconductor photocatalysis technology is widely used for water purification. Herein, we prepared carbon quantum dots (CQDs)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) on carbon cloth (CC). After the addition of CQDs, the visible light absorption characteristics and electron–hole separation rate of g-C₃N₄ are improved. The g-C₃N₄/CQDs/CC composite material has photocatalytic activity and good recyclability under visible light irradiation and can be used for the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The introduction of carbon cloth facilitates recycling and improves the cycle life of the photocatalyst. This work can be extended to the manufacture of high-performance photocatalysts supported by other recyclable carbon cloth.