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Conversion of Pd(i) off-cycle species into highly efficient cross-coupling catalysts†‡
Yaxu Liu,Vladislav A. Voloshkin,Thomas Scattolin,Luigi Cavallo,Busra Dereli,Catherine S. J. Cazin,Steven P. Nolan
Dalton Transactions Pub Date : 04/08/2021 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/D1DT00929J
Abstract

We report on the facile conversion of [Pd2(μ-Cl)(μ-η3-R-allyl)(NHC)2] complexes, which are commonly considered undesirable off-cycle species in cross-coupling reactions, into active [PdCl(μ-Cl)(NHC)]2 pre-catalysts. All reactions proceed under mild conditions (40 °C, 1–2 hours in acetone) using inexpensive HCl as both an oxidant and chloride source. DFT calculations were performed to explore the possible mechanism of this transformation, which appears to involve a combination of two different pathways. Moreover this study provides insights into factors favoring and hindering Pd(I) dimer formation undesirable in catalysis.

Graphical abstract: Conversion of Pd(i) off-cycle species into highly efficient cross-coupling catalysts
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