Emulsion-templated microcapsules (MCs) were fabricated by simultaneous self-assembly and crosslinking of mpg-C3N4 nanoparticles (NPs) and lipase conjugates at an oil–water interface. The presence of both enzymes and mpg-C3N4 NPs at the interface makes the MCs an ideal candidate for dual catalysis, i.e. biocatalysis and photocatalysis. The biocatalytic activity of the MCs is found to be 1.2 fold higher compared to that of free enzymes and the visible light-induced dye degradation rate by mpg-C3N4-immobilized MCs is 1.7 times higher than that of NPs only. Most importantly, these MCs are capable of performing biocatalytic and photocatalytic activity simultaneously in a mixture of substrate.
