Acorus Linnaeus is a genus of perennial herbs distributed from the northern temperate to the subtropical regions, and has been widely used as traditional folk medicine in China and India since ancient times. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous beneficial compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, lignans, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids and others. Neuropharmacological studies have revealed that the Acorus rhizome extract and its constituents, particularly α- and β-asarone, possess anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, neuroprotective, memory enhancing, and sedative properties. This review summarises the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and neuropharmacological activities of Acorus Linnaeus.