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Naphthaleneproton sponges as hydride donors: diverse appearances of the tert-amino-effect†
Alexander F. Pozharskii,Maria A. Povalyakhina,Alexander V. Degtyarev,Oxana V. Ryabtsova,Valery A. Ozeryanskii,Olga V. Dyablo,Anna V. Tkachuk,Olga N. Kazheva,Anatolii N. Chekhlov,Oleg A. Dyachenko
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Pub Date : 12/15/2010 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C0OB00899K
Abstract

It has been shown that the 1-NMe2 group in the 2-substituted 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenes (proton sponges) can intramolecularly donate a hydride ion to an appropriate electron-accepting ortho-substituent such as diarylcarbenium ion, β,β′-dicyanovinyl or methyleneiminium group. This produces the 1-N+(Me)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 functionality and triggers a number of further transformations (tert-amino effect) including peri-cyclization, ortho-cyclization or hydrolytic demethylation. In each particular case, the course of the reaction is determined by the nature of the ortho-substituent and the most potent nucleophile presenting in the reaction mixture. For 2,7-disubstituted 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenes, two types of tandem tert-amino effect with the involvement of both peri-NMe2 groups have been registered. The conclusion was made that proton sponges are generally more active in the tert-amino reactions than the corresponding monodimethylaminoarenes. This is ascribed both to higher electron donor ability of proton sponges and markedly shortened distance between electrophilic Cα-atom in the ortho-substituent and hydrogen atoms of the nearest NMe2 group. Most conversions observed proceed in good to high yields and are useful for the preparation of derivatives of benzo[h]quinoline, quino[7,8:7′,8′]quinoline, 2,3-dihydroperimidine, N,N,N′-trimethyl-1,8-diaminonaphthalene and proton sponge itself.

Graphical abstract: Naphthalene proton sponges as hydride donors: diverse appearances of the tert-amino-effect
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