The approach of utilizing protecting groups (PGs) in organic chemistry has led to the successful syntheses of an array of useful organic compounds. This strategy has also addressed some of the complexities associated with many organic reactions. These PGs find useful applications in simple and complex reactions that involve the synthesis of large organic compounds such as peptides, and oligosaccharides. The fundamental role of PGs is to prevent undesired reactions that could hinder the progress or completion of such reactions. Ideal PGs must be utilized in this regard to achieve the desired objectives. This review describes the diverse protecting groups found in the literatures, the functional moieties for the protection, deprotection strategies, and their relevant applications in organic synthesis.