Depletion of recoverable crude oil reserves in the world requires a qualified approach to the problem of processing oil residues, the share of which is increasing with the involvement of high-viscosity oils and natural bitumen having high density and viscosity and low yield of light fractions in the turnover. The Institute of Petrochemical Processing has traditionally been engaged from the beginning of its existence in developing technologies for noncatalytic processing of heavy crude oils. This article summarizes the developments of the Institute of Petrochemical Processing completed in this field within almost 20 years, a part of which has already been industrially implemented, and the rest is ready for implementation.