VS4, also known as patronite, is a widely studied nanostructured material due to its fascinating high theoretical capacity. VS4 has been getting much attention in supercapacitor as well as battery applications due to its parallel one-dimensional chain-like structure with an interchain spacing of 5.83 Å, which helps to provide space for accommodating the insertion/extraction of ions. There have been a number of scientific reports published on VS4 and VS4-based nanocomposites for energy storage applications recently. In this aspect, here we summarize the charge storage properties of VS4 and its nanocomposites including rGO, CNTs, MXenes, metal chalcogenides, and other carbon-based composites for supercapacitor applications. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives of VS4-based electrode materials are included in the conclusion.