Pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is a kind of viscoelastic material with the viscous properties of liquids and the elastic properties of solids that can adhere to the surfaces of various substrates only under light pressure without phase change. PSAs derived from petroleum-based materials are generally non-biodegradable and disposable; therefore, a large amount of waste is generated from PSA products. Preparation of PSAs using renewable vegetable oil as raw material is an effective way to reduce dependence on petrochemical resources and environmental pollution. This paper summarizes the recent progress on vegetable-oil-based PSAs. Vegetable-oil-based PSAs mainly include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, fatty acid derivatives, polyester and polyurethane according to the chemical structures of vegetable-oil-based polymers. The design ideas and modification methods of vegetable-oil-based PSAs are introduced, including the development of functional vegetable oil monomers and the optimization of the polymer structure, so as to provide theory and reference for the design and development of new bio-based PSAs.