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Are one-step aromatic nucleophilic substitutions of non-activated benzenes concerted processes?†
Luis R. Domingo,Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez,Eduardo Chamorro,Patricia Pérez
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Pub Date : 08/15/2019 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C9OB01589B
Abstract

Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions of non-electrophilically activated benzenes have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) computational level. These reactions, taking place through a one-step mechanism, present a high activation Gibbs free energy, ΔG = 31.0 kcal mol−1, which decreases to 22.1 kcal mol−1 in the intramolecular process. A topological analysis of the electron localisation function along the reaction paths permits establishing the non-concerted nature of these SNAr reactions. A series of unstable structures, with similar electronic structures to those of Meisenheimer intermediates, are characterised. The present MEDT study makes it possible to establish that even these one-step SNAr reactions involving only two single bonds are non-concerted processes.

Graphical abstract: Are one-step aromatic nucleophilic substitutions of non-activated benzenes concerted processes?
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