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Organic ammonium iodide salts as passivation for buried interface enables efficient and stable NiOx based p-i-n perovskite solar cells†
Wouter Van Gompel,Stijn Lenaers,Martijn Mertens,Afshin Hadipour,Yaser Abdulraheem
Journal of Materials Chemistry C Pub Date : 12/29/2022 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/D2TC04215K
Abstract

The interfaces between a halide perovskite absorber film and its charge transporting layers have been identified as one of the key bottlenecks for achieving high performance and stability. Herein we report a benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) derivative and a carbazole derivative to passivate the interface between the sputtered NiOx and the halide perovskite in p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The treatment of the NiOx with the BTBT derivative significantly enhances the open-circuit voltage (Voc), boosting the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 16.6% to 18.6%. We carry out an in-depth analysis of the interface employing a lift-off procedure revealing that the BTBT molecules reside at the bottom interface and successfully suppress a (redox) reaction at this interface. As a result of the improved interface quality, the stability of the PSCs is superior under maximum power point (MPP) conditions and in ambient conditions, retaining 89% of the initial PCE after 250 hours at 25% relative humidity and 95% after 1 hour under continuous MPP tracking (MPPT).

Graphical abstract: Organic ammonium iodide salts as passivation for buried interface enables efficient and stable NiOx based p-i-n perovskite solar cells
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