As one of the current research hotspots, drug release nanoplatforms have great potential in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. At present, most of the drugs used in clinic do not have tissue specificity and are difficult to play a full role in the treatment of diseases. Therefore, giving full play to the real efficacy of drugs is a very challenging task. The drug treatment effect has been significantly improved by designing and developing intelligent nanoplatforms to achieve drug targeting and controlled release, which can fundamentally change the treatment strategy of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. In this review, the principles of drug delivery through different action mechanisms of nanoplatforms are reviewed, with emphasis on the specific applications of nanoplatforms in various autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the future development of nanoplatforms to further improve the efficacy of clinical drugs is also prospected.