Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are a promising energy storage system due to the high capacity and energy density. However, the shuttle of lithium polysulfides upon cycling limits their practical application. In recent years, organosulfur polymer-based cathode materials have attracted more attention owing to their unique tunable molecular structure and reduced formation of lithium polysulfides. Generally, they are prepared via the copolymerization of melted linear polysulfide with functional linker monomers. Due to the strong covalent bonds between polymer framework and sulfur chains, the shuttle effect of polysulfides can be significantly reduced. In this paper, we review some recent development of organosulfur copolymers as cathode materials in rechargeable batteries. Meanwhile, the remaining challenges and future prospects are also discussed.