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Demystifying a hexuronic acid ligand that recognizes Toxoplasma gondii and blocks its invasion into host cells†
Balamurugan Subramani,Chethan D. Shantamurthy,Sandhya Mardhekar,Raghavendra Kikkeri
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Pub Date : 04/09/2019 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C9OB00744J
Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous eukaryotic pathogen responsible for toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. This parasite is an obligate intracellular pathogen and actively invades susceptible host cells, a process which is mediated by specific receptor–ligand interactions. Here, we have identified an unnatural 2,4-disulfated D-glucuronic acid (Di-S-GlcA), a hexuronic acid composed of heparin/heparan sulfate, as a potential carbohydrate ligand that can selectively bind to T. gondii parasites. More importantly, the gelatin conjugated Di-S-GlcA multivalent probe displayed strong inhibition of parasite entry into host cells. These results open perspective for the future use of Di-S-GlcA epitopes in biomedical applications against toxoplasmosis.

Graphical abstract: Demystifying a hexuronic acid ligand that recognizes Toxoplasma gondii and blocks its invasion into host cells
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