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Biliverdin–copper complex at physiological pH†
Milena S. Dimitrijević,Jelena Bogdanović Pristov,Milan Žižić,Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović,Marina Stanić,Snežana Spasić,Wilfred Hagen,Ivan Spasojević
Dalton Transactions Pub Date : 02/04/2019 00:00:00 , DOI:10.1039/C8DT04724C
Abstract

Biliverdin (BV), a product of heme catabolism, is known to interact with transition metals, but the details of such interactions under physiological conditions are scarce. Herein, we examined coordinate/redox interactions of BV with Cu2+ in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, using spectrophotometry, HESI-MS, Raman spectroscopy, 1H NMR, EPR, fluorimetry, and electrochemical methods. BV formed a stable coordination complex with copper in 1 : 1 stoichiometry. The structure of BV was more planar and energetically stable in the complex. The complex showed strong paramagnetic effects that were attributed to an unpaired delocalized e. The delocalized electron may come from BV or Cu2+, so the complex is formally composed either of BV radical cation and Cu1+ or of BV radical anion and Cu3+. The complex underwent oxidation only in the presence of both O2 and an excess of Cu2+, or a strong oxidizing agent, and it was resistant to reducing agents. The biological effects of the stable BV metallocomplex containing a delocalized unpaired electron should be further examined, and may provide an answer to the long-standing question of high energy investment in the catabolism of BV, which represents a relatively harmless molecule per se.

Graphical abstract: Biliverdin–copper complex at physiological pH
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